If you receive or send an email (from Gmail) using an alias, this alias will be used when replying from Notion in this conversation.
If you are initiating a new conversation from Notion, then the default email address you have defined in Gmail will be used. You can define your default email address in Gmail in Settings > Account > Send email as:
You can use label-based filters to sync emails from specific aliases with your chosen Notion databases.
In Gmail, you can set up rules to automatically assign labels based on the recipient or sender. Here's an example of how to do this. First, let's open the filters:
Next, define the appropriate conditions:
Finally, I choose which label to assign based on these conditions:
Note that you have to create another filter to apply the same label when the "To" field corresponds to your alias. This ensures that emails both sent and received using that alias will have the same label.
Once this is setup, you can follow this documentation to filter the emails to sync with Notion based on their label.